A unidirectional imager would only permit image formation along one direction, from an input field-of-view (FOV) A to an output FOV B, and in the reverse path, the image formation would be blocked. Here, we report the first demonstration of unidirectional imagers, presenting polarization-insensitive and broadband unidirectional imaging based on successive diffractive layers that are linear and isotropic. These diffractive layers are optimized using deep learning and consist of hundreds of thousands of diffractive phase features, which collectively modulate the incoming fields and project an intensity image of the input onto an output FOV, while blocking the image formation in the reverse direction. After their deep learning-based training, the resulting diffractive layers are fabricated to form a unidirectional imager. As a reciprocal device, the diffractive unidirectional imager has asymmetric mode processing capabilities in the forward and backward directions, where the optical modes from B to A are selectively guided/scattered to miss the output FOV, whereas for the forward direction such modal losses are minimized, yielding an ideal imaging system between the input and output FOVs. Although trained using monochromatic illumination, the diffractive unidirectional imager maintains its functionality over a large spectral band and works under broadband illumination. We experimentally validated this unidirectional imager using terahertz radiation, very well matching our numerical results. Using the same deep learning-based design strategy, we also created a wavelength-selective unidirectional imager, where two unidirectional imaging operations, in reverse directions, are multiplexed through different illumination wavelengths. Diffractive unidirectional imaging using structured materials will have numerous applications in e.g., security, defense, telecommunications and privacy protection.

斑块测定是量化复制能力裂解病毒体浓度的黄金标准方法。加快和自动化病毒斑块分析将显着受益于临床诊断，疫苗开发以及重组蛋白或抗病毒药的产生。在这里，我们使用无透明全息成像和深度学习提出了快速且无染色的定量病毒斑块测定法。这种具有成本效益，紧凑和自动化的设备可显着减少传统斑块测定所需的孵化时间，同时保留其优于其他病毒定量方法的优势。该设备以每次测试井的对象捕获〜0.32 Giga像素/小时的相位信息，以无标签的方式覆盖约30x30 mm^2的面积，完全消除了染色。我们使用Vero E6细胞和囊泡气孔病毒证明了这种计算方法的成功。使用神经网络，此无染色装置最早在孵育后5小时内自动检测到第一个细胞裂解事件，并以100％的形式达到了> 90％的检测率（PFU）与传统的斑块测定法相比，特异性在<20小时内，可节省大量时间，而传统的牙菌斑测定时间约为48小时或更长时间。该数据驱动的牙菌斑测定还提供了量化细胞单层感染区域的能力，比标准病毒斑块分析的病毒浓度大10倍，对PFU和病毒感染区域进行自动计数和定量。这种紧凑，低成本的自动PFU定量设备可以广泛用于病毒学研究，疫苗开发和临床应用

波前调节器的限制空间散宽产品（SBP）阻碍了大型视野（FOV）上图像的高分辨率合成/投影。我们报告了一种深度学习的衍射显示设计，该设计基于一对训练的电子编码器和衍射光学解码器，用于合成/项目超级分辨图像，使用低分辨率波形调节器。由训练有素的卷积神经网络（CNN）组成的数字编码器迅速预处理了感兴趣的高分辨率图像，因此它们的空间信息被编码为低分辨率（LR）调制模式，该模式通过低SBP Wavefront调制器投影。衍射解码器使用薄的传播层处理该LR编码的信息，这些层是使用深度学习构成的，以在其输出FOV处进行全面合成和项目超级分辨图像。我们的结果表明，这种衍射图像显示可以达到〜4的超分辨率因子，表明SBP增加了约16倍。我们还使用3D打印的衍射解码器在THZ光谱上进行实验验证了这种衍射超分辨率显示器的成功。该衍射图像解码器可以缩放以在可见的波长下运行，并激发紧凑，低功率和计算效率的大型FOV和高分辨率显示器的设计。

人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）生物标志物的免疫组织化学（IHC）染色在乳腺组织分析，临床前研究和诊断决策中广泛实践，指导癌症治疗和发病机制调查。 HER2染色需要由组织医学表演表演的艰苦组织处理和化学处理，这通常需要一天，以便在实验室中准备，增加分析时间和相关成本。在这里，我们描述了一种基于深度学习的虚拟HER2 IHC染色方法，其使用条件生成的对抗网络培训，训练以便将未标记/标记的乳房组织部分的自发荧光显微镜图像快速转化为明亮场当量的显微镜图像，匹配标准HER2 IHC染色在相同的组织部分上进行化学进行。通过定量分析证明了这一虚拟HER2染色框架的功效，其中三个董事会认证的乳房病理学家盲目地评级了HER2的几乎染色和免疫化化学染色的HER2整个幻灯片图像（WSIS），揭示了通过检查虚拟来确定的HER2分数IHC图像与其免疫组织化学染色的同类一样准确。通过相同的诊断师进行的第二种定量盲化研究进一步揭示了几乎染色的HER2图像在核细节，膜清晰度和染色伪像相对于其免疫组织化学染色的对应物的染色伪影等级具有相当的染色质量。这种虚拟HER2染色框架在实验室中绕过了昂贵，费力，耗时耗时的IHC染色程序，并且可以扩展到其他类型的生物标志物，以加速生命科学和生物医学工作流程的IHC组织染色。

对3D对象的触觉识别仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。与2D形状相比，3D表面的复杂几何形状需要更丰富的触觉信号，更灵活的动作和更高级的编码技术。在这项工作中，我们提出了Tandem3D，该方法将共同训练框架应用于探索和决策的框架对3D对象识别具有触觉信号。从我们以前的工作开始，该工作引入了2D识别问题的共同训练范式，我们引入了许多进步，使我们能够扩展到3D。串联3D基于一个新颖的编码器，该编码器使用PointNet ++从触点位置和正态构建3D对象表示。此外，通过启用6DOF运动，Tandem3D以高效率探索并收集歧视性触摸信息。我们的方法完全在模拟中训练，并通过现实世界实验进行验证。与最先进的基线相比，串联3D在识别3D对象方面达到了更高的准确性和较低的动作，并且也证明对不同类型和数量的传感器噪声更为强大。视频可在https://jxu.ai/tandem3d上获得。

目的：目的是将先前验证的深度学习算法应用于新的甲状腺结节超声图像数据集，并将其性能与放射科医生进行比较。方法：先前的研究提出了一种能够检测甲状腺结节，然后使用两个超声图像进行恶性分类的算法。从1278个结节训练了多任务深度卷积神经网络，最初用99个单独的结节进行了测试。结果与放射科医生相当。与培训案例相比，使用来自不同制造商和产品类型的超声计算机成像的378个结节进一步测试了该算法。要求四名经验丰富的放射科医生评估结节，以与深度学习进行比较。结果：用参数，二维估计计算了深度学习算法和四个放射科医生的曲线（AUC）面积。对于深度学习算法，AUC为0.70（95％CI：0.64-0.75）。放射科医生的AUC为0.66（95％CI：0.61-0.71），0.67（95％CI：0.62-0.73），0.68（95％CI：0.63-0.73）和0.66（95％CI：95％CI：0.61-0.71）。结论：在新的测试数据集中，深度学习算法与所有四个放射科医生都达到了类似的性能。

受到人类在完全没有视力（例如从口袋中检索物体检索）进行复杂操作的能力的启发，机器人操纵场是有动力开发用于基于触觉对象的对象交互的新方法的。但是，触觉传感提出了一种主动感应方式的挑战：触摸传感器提供稀疏的本地数据，并且必须与有效的探索策略一起使用以收集信息。在这项工作中，我们专注于指导触觉探索的过程及其与任务相关的决策的相互作用。我们提出了串联（触觉探索和决策），这是一种结合决策，旨在学习有效的探索策略。我们的方法基于用于探索和歧视的单独但共同训练的模块。我们在触觉对象识别任务上演示了此方法，配备触摸传感器的机器人必须仅根据二进制触点信号来探索并识别已知集中的对象。与替代方法相比，串联以较少的作用实现了更高的精度，并且还显示出对传感器噪声更健壮。

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.